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■Bio-mathematics, Statistics and Nano-Technologies: Mosquito Control Strategies

Figure 10.4: Two models, one showing a simple two compartment pharmacokinetic model,

the other show how the model changes during pregnancy.

Treatment of pregnant women is never an easy task, especially during organogenesis

in the first trimester. Therefore, the safety and effectivity of many antimalarial drugs is

of concern, in pregnancy. It is recommended by WHO to give quinine plus clindamycin

for 7 days to pregnant women having uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria during the first

trimester. In situations where access to clindamycin is limited, quinine alone can be given

[15]. However, in situations where the adherence to quinine cannot be assured, ACTs can

be used in the first trimester of pregnancy. Also, recently more evidence have become avail-

able on the safety of ACTs in the first trimester of pregnancy [13] and WHO is presently

reviewing the recommendations on the use of ACTs in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Figure 10.5: The consequences of malaria in pregnancy. The parasite affects the placenta

hard, affecting the pregnancy, the fetus, and the delivery, during pregnancy with conse-

quences after birth of the offspring [34].